![]() Underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are similar for AHFS and SCAPE. Stage 3: Flooding of alveolar space causing hypoxia. We hereby present the review of various underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms as well as approach to emergent treatment of patients with SCAPE. Due to the central role of increased sympathetic activity in the pathophysiology of this subset of patients, SCAPE is a better terminology for understanding the syndrome of rapid onset, life-threatening pulmonary edema. It is known by various names: Crashing pulmonary edema, severe acute pulmonary edema, acute decompensated heart failure, and so on. This particular subset of patients with sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema (SCAPE) have severe AHFS and present with dramatic onset and rapid progression of symptoms (flash pulmonary edema), giving the emergency physicians a narrow time window to intervene and improve patient outcome.įlash pulmonary edema is the most severe clinical scenario of all the AHFS. The spectrum of patients presenting with AHFS is wide, ranging from mild pulmonary edema to cardiogenic shock. The clinical syndrome is characterized by elevated cardiac filling pressures, causing rapid accumulation of fluid in pulmonary interstitial and alveolar spaces. ![]() Acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) is a common underlying cause for dyspnea in patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) throughout the globe.
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